Jira rekusefa rakarukwa nejira rekusefa risina kurukwa (rinozivikanwawo sejira rekusefa risina kurukwa) zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha mumunda wekusefa. Kusiyana kwavo kukuru mukugadzirwa, chimiro chechimiro, uye hunhu hwekushanda kunosarudza mashandisirwo azvo mumamiriro akasiyana ekusefa. Kuenzanisa kunotevera kunosanganisira mativi matanhatu epakati, kuchiwedzerwa nemamiriro anoshanda uye mazano ekusarudza, kuti zvikubatsire kunzwisisa zvizere musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi:
Ⅰ .Musiyano Mukuru: Kuenzanisa muzvikamu zvitanhatu zvikuru
| Kuenzanisa | Jira reSefa Rakarukwa | Jira reSefa Risina Kurukwa |
| Maitiro Ekugadzira | Zvichibva pa "warp ne weft interweaving," warp (longitudinal) uye weft (horizontal) shinda dzinorukwa dzichishandisa loom (yakadai se air-jet loom kana rapier loom) mune imwe pattern (plain, twill, satin, nezvimwewo). Izvi zvinoonekwa se "kugadzira zvakarukwa." | Hapana kutenderedzwa kana kuruka kunodiwa: fibers (staple kana filament) dzinogadzirwa zvakananga nenzira ine matanho maviri: kuumbwa kwewebhu uye kusanganiswa kwewebhu. Nzira dzekubatanidza webhu dzinosanganisira thermal bonding, chemical bonding, netsono, uye hydroentanglement, zvichiita kuti ichi chive chigadzirwa "chisina kurukwa". |
| Maumbirwo echimiro | 1. Magadzirirwo Akajairika: Yarns dzakarukwa dzakasungirirwa pamwe chete kuti dzigadzire chimiro chakajeka chakaita segrid chine saizi yakaenzana yemaburi uye kupararira kwakafanana. 2. Kururama kwakajeka: Simba reWarp (longitudinal) rinowanzova rakakwirira kupfuura simba reweft (transverse); 3. Pamusoro payo pakanyatsotsvedzerera, pasina huremu hunoonekwa hwefiber. | 11. Magadzirirwo Asina Kurongwa: Mafiber akarongwa nenzira isina kurongeka kana kuti isina kurongwa, achiumba chimiro chine mativi matatu, chakapfava, chine maburi ane maburi ane saizi yakakura yemaburi. 2. Simba reIsotropic: Hapana musiyano wakakosha mumativi ekukombama uye ekukweva. Simba rinotsanangurwa nenzira yekubatanidza (semuenzaniso, jira rakaboorwa netsono rakasimba kupfuura jira rakasungirirwa nekupisa). 3. Pamusoro payo panenge pakapfava, uye ukobvu hwesefa hunogona kugadziriswa nyore nyore. |
| Kushanda kwemafuta | 1. Kunyatsorongeka uye kugona kudzora: Kuvhura kwemesh kwakasimba, kwakakodzera kusefa zvidimbu zvakasimba zvehukuru hwakati (semuenzaniso, 5-100μm); 2. Kushanda zvakanaka kwesefa: Nzvimbo dzakavharirwa dzinobvumira zviri nyore kuti zvidimbu zvidiki zvipinde, zvichiita kuti "keke rekusefa" riumbwe risati ragadziriswa kushanda zvakanaka; 3. Kubvisa keke rekusefa zvakanaka: Pamusoro paro parinotsvedza uye keke rekusefa (rakasara rakasimba) mushure mekusefa rinodonha nyore nyore, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuchenesa nekugadzira patsva. | 1. Kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo pakusefa: Chimiro chine maburi matatu chinobata zvakananga zvidimbu zvidiki (semuenzaniso, 0.1-10μm) pasina kuvimba nemakeke efirita; 2. Kugadzikana kusina kunaka: Kupararira kwehukuru hwemaburi akafara, kusina kusimba pane jira rakarukwa pakuvharidzira saizi dzezvidimbu zvakati; 3. Kukwanisa kubata guruva rakawanda: Chimiro chakapfava chinogona kutakura tsvina yakawanda, asi keke refirita rinoiswa nyore nyore mugomba refiber, zvichiita kuti kuchenesa nekugadzira patsva zviome. |
| Hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakanika | 1. Simba Rakasimba uye Kuramba Kusviba Kwakanaka: Chimiro chakarukwa chakachinjika uye chakarukwa chakasimba, hachigoni kutatamuka kana kusviba, uye chine hupenyu hurefu hwebasa (kazhinji kwemwedzi kusvika kumakore); 2. Kugadzikana Kwakanaka Kwemadimikira: Inoramba kushanduka kana tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushanda nguva dzose; 3. Kupinda Kwemhepo Kwakaderera: Chimiro chakabatana chakabatana chinoita kuti mhepo ipinde nemhepo shoma (huwandu hwemhepo). | 1. Simba shoma uye kusasimba kwekukwesha: Mafiber anovimba nekusunga kana kusungwa kuti asimbiswe, zvichiita kuti akwanise kupwanyika nekufamba kwenguva uye zvichikonzera hupenyu hupfupi (kazhinji mazuva kusvika kumwedzi). 2. Kugadzikana kusina kunaka: Machira akabatanidzwa nekupisa anowanzo tetepa kana akasangana nekupisa kwakanyanya, nepo machira akabatanidzwa nemakemikari anowanzo derera kana akasangana nezvinonyungudutsa. 3. Kupinda kwemhepo kwakawanda: Chimiro chakapfava uye chine maburi chinoderedza kuramba kwemvura uye chinowedzera kuyerera kwemvura. |
| Mutengo uye Kugadzirisa | 1. Mutengo wekutanga wakakwira: Maitiro ekuruka akaoma, kunyanya kumachira efirita ane kunyatsogadzirwa (akadai sesatin weave). 2. Mari shoma yekugadzirisa: Inogezwa uye inogona kushandiswazve (semuenzaniso, kugeza nemvura uye kugeza kumashure), inoda kutsiviwa kashoma. | 1. Mutengo wekutanga wakaderera: Zvisina kurukwa zviri nyore kugadzira uye zvinopa kushanda zvakanaka pakugadzira. 2. Mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa: Dzinowanzovharika, dzinonetsa kudzokorodza, uye dzinowanzo shandiswa kana kutsiviwa kashoma, zvichikonzera mari yakawanda inodyiwa kwenguva refu. |
| Kuchinjika Kwekugadzirisa | 1. Kuchinjika kushoma: Upamhi hwemaburi nehukobvu zvinonyanya kutsanangurwa nekukora kweshinda uye huwandu hwekurukwa. Kugadzirisa kunoda kugadziridzwa patsva kwemaitiro ekuruka, izvo zvinotora nguva. 2. Kuruka kwakakosha (senge kuruka kwejira rakarukwa kaviri uye kuruka kwejacquard) kunogona kugadziriswa kuti kuwedzere hunhu hwakananga (senge kuramba kutambanudza). | 1. Kuchinjika Kwakanyanya: Zvigadzirwa zvine kururama kwakasiyana-siyana kwekusefa uye kupindira kwemhepo zvinogona kugadziriswa nekukurumidza nekugadzirisa mhando yefayibha (semuenzaniso, polyester, polypropylene, girazi fayibha), nzira yekubatanidza webhu, uye ukobvu. 2. Inogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu (semuenzaniso, kuputira) kuti iwedzere kudzivirira mvura uye kudzivirira kunamira. |
II. Kusiyana Kwemashandisirwo Ezvinhu
Zvichibva pamusiyano wekushanda wataurwa pamusoro apa, mashandisirwo maviri aya akasiyana zvikuru, zvichitevera musimboti wekuti "kusarudza machira akanyatsonaka pane akarukwa, kukoshesa kushanda zvakanaka pane machira asina kurukwa":
1. Jira refirita rakarukwa: Rakakodzera mamiriro e "kusefa kwenguva refu, yakagadzikana, uye yakanyatsogadzirwa"
● Kupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba-yemumaindasitiri: zvakaita semapurini eplate nefuremu uye mafirita ebhandi (masimbi ekusefa netsvina yemakemikari, zvinoda kucheneswa nekugadziriswazve kakawanda);
● Kusefa magasi emvura anodziya zvakanyanya: zvakaita semafirita emabhegi mumaindasitiri emagetsi nesimbi (anoda kuramba kupisa uye kuramba kupfeka, ane hupenyu hwebasa hweinenge gore rimwe chete);
● Kusefa chikafu nemishonga: zvakaita sekusefa doro uye kusefa mishonga yechivanhu yechiChinese (inoda saizi yakatarwa yeburi kudzivirira tsvina);
2. Jira refirita risina kurukwa: Rakakodzera "kusefa kwenguva pfupi, inoshanda zvakanyanya, uye isina kunyatsojeka"
● Kuchenesa mhepo: zvakaita semafirita ekuchenesa mweya wepamba uye mafirita eHVAC system primary (anoda simba rekubata guruva rakawanda uye simba rekudzivirira rakaderera);
● Kusefa kunoraswa: sekusefa mvura yekunwa isati yatanga uye kusefa zvine makemikari (hapana chikonzero chekushandisazve, zvichideredza mari yekugadzirisa);
● Mashandisirwo akakosha: akadai sedziviriro yekurapa (jira rekusefa remukati memasiki) uye mafirita emhepo inotonhodza mota (anoda kugadzirwa nekukurumidza uye mutengo wakaderera).
III. Mazano Ekusarudza
Kutanga, Isa "Nguva Yekushanda" Pamberi:
● Kushanda nguva dzose, mamiriro ezvinhu anorema zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kubvisa guruva mumaawa makumi maviri nemana mufekitori) → Sarudza jira rakarukwa rekusefa (rinogara kwenguva refu, hapana chinotsiviwa kakawanda);
● Kushanda kwenguva pfupi, mamiriro ekutakura zvinhu zvishoma (semuenzaniso, kusefa diki murabhoritari) → Sarudza jira resefa risina kurukwa (risingadhuri, riri nyore kutsiva).
Chechipiri, funga nezve "Zvinodiwa zvekusefa":
● Inoda kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka kwehukuru hwezvikamu (semuenzaniso, kupfapfaidza zvikamu zviri pasi pe5μm) → Sarudza jira refirita rakarukwa;
● Inoda "kuchengetwa nekukurumidza kwetsvina uye kuderedza kusviba" (semuenzaniso, kusefa tsvina yakawanda) → Sarudza jira resefa risina kurukwa.
Pakupedzisira, funga nezve "Bhajeti Yemari":
● Kushandiswa kwenguva refu (kunopfuura gore rimwe) → Sarudza jira rakarukwa rekusefa (mutengo wekutanga wakakwira asi mutengo wese wekuva muridzi wakaderera);
● Mapurojekiti enguva pfupi (pasi pemwedzi mitatu) → Sarudza jira refirita risina kurukwa (rinodhura zvishoma pakutanga, rinodzivirira kutambisa zviwanikwa).
Muchidimbu, jira rekusefa rakarukwa imhinduro yenguva refu ine "kudyara mari yakawanda uye kugara kwenguva refu", nepo jira rekusefa risiri rakarukwa iri mhinduro yenguva pfupi ine "mutengo wakaderera uye kuchinjika kwakanyanya". Hapana hukuru hwakakwana kana kusakosha pakati pezviviri izvi, uye sarudzo inofanira kuitwa zvichibva pakururamisa kusefa, nguva yekushanda, uye bhajeti yemari yemamiriro chaiwo ekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-11-2025