Pakutsvaga machira akanakisa ekugadzira mafirita eguruva, zvinhu zviviri zvakawana kutariswa kukuru nekuda kwekushanda kwazvo kwakanaka: PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) uye chimiro chayo chakakura, ePTFE (Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene). Zvinhu izvi zvakagadzirwa, zvinozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwazvo hwemakemikari nemuviri, zvakachinja kupfapfaidza guruva munzvimbo dzinoda kupfapfaidzwa, zvichipa mabhenefiti anovasiyanisa nemachira echinyakare akadai sedonje, polyester, kana kunyange zvinhu zveHEPA zvakajairika.
PTFE, inowanzonzi Teflon, i fluoropolymer inozivikanwa nekuda kwehunhu hwayo husina kunamira, kuramba makemikari, uye kushivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Muchimiro chayo chisina kugadzirwa, PTFE ipurasitiki yakasimba, asi kana yagadzirwa kuita machira efirita, inoumba nzvimbo yakatsetseka, isingakweshe inodzinga guruva, mvura, uye tsvina. Hunhu uhwu husina kunamira hwakakosha pakusefa guruva: kusiyana nemachira ane maburi anobata zvidimbu mukati mefibers dzawo (zvichikonzera kuvharika),Mafirita ePTFEinobvumira guruva kuungana pamusoro, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuchenesa kana kuzunza. Iyi "nzira yekurerutsira pamusoro" inoita kuti mhepo ifambe zvakanaka nekufamba kwenguva, chinhu chakakosha munzvimbo dzine guruva rakawanda senge nzvimbo dzekuvaka kana mafekitori ekugadzira.
ePTFE, yakagadzirwa nekutambanudza PTFE kuti igadzire chimiro chine maburi, inoita kuti mashandiro ekusefa asvike padanho rinotevera. Maitiro ekuwedzera anogadzira network yemaburi madiki (anowanzova pakati pe 0.1 ne 10 microns) uku ichichengetedza hunhu hwePTFE. Maburi aya anoshanda sesefa chaiyo: anovhara maburi eguruva—kusanganisira maburi madiki (PM2.5) uye kunyange maburi madiki—uku achibvumira mhepo kupfuura nepasina kuvharwa. Maburi ePTFE anogadziriswa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa kubva kumashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana kubva mumidziyo yekuchenesa mweya yekugara (kusefa dander yemhuka ne pollen) kusvika kumaindasitiri (kutora zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvakapfava zvakanyanya).
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvePTFE ne ePTFE ndechekugara kwenguva refu uye kuramba kwadzo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kusiyana nedonje kana polyester, izvo zvinogona kuora kana zvikasangana nemakemikari, hunyoro, kana tembiricha yakakwira, PTFE ne ePTFE hazvina simba kune zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira acids uye solvents. Zvinogona kutsungirira tembiricha inotangira pa -200°C kusvika 260°C (-328°F kusvika 500°F), zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kushandiswa muchoto, masisitimu eutsi, kana munzvimbo dzekunze uko mafirita anosangana nemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. Kugona uku kunoreva hupenyu hurefu—mafirita ePTFE ne ePTFE anogona kugara kwemwedzi kana kunyange makore nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera, achikunda mamwe mafirita anoraswa senge mapepa kana mafirita ekugadzira.
Chimwe chakanakira ndechekuti zvinodiwa zvavo zvekugadzirisa zvishoma. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yePTFE isinganamire, zvidimbu zveguruva hazvinamati zvakanyanya kune chinhu chinosefa. Kazhinji, kungozunza sefa kana kushandisa mhepo yakamanikidzwa zvakakwana kubvisa guruva rakaungana, zvichidzoreredza kushanda kwayo. Kushandiswazve uku hakungoderedzi marara chete asiwo kunoderedza mari yenguva refu kana tichienzanisa nemafirita anoshandiswa kamwe chete. Semuenzaniso, mumafirita ekuchenesa emumaindasitiri, mafirita ePTFE anogona kucheneswa kakawanda asati adiwa kutsiviwa, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekushandisa.
Kana tichienzanisa nemafirita eHEPA—anonzi ave achionekwa seanonyanya kushandiswa pakusefa zvidimbu zvidiki—ePTFE inoramba iripo. Kunyange zvazvo mafirita eHEPA achibata 99.97% yezvidimbu zve 0.3-micron, mafirita ePTFE emhando yepamusoro anogona kuita mazinga akafanana kana kuti akanyanya kushanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kufamba kwemhepo kwakanyanya kwe ePTFE (nekuda kwechimiro chayo chepore chakagadziriswa) kunoderedza kumanikidzwa kwemafeni, zvichiita kuti ishandise simba rakawanda kupfuura HEPA mumashandisirwo akawanda.
Mukupedzisa, PTFE ne ePTFE zvinoonekwa semachira anoshamisa ekusefa guruva. Musanganiswa wavo wakasiyana wekusagona makemikari, kushivirira tembiricha, kuyerera kwemvura, uye kushandiswazve kunoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa zuva nezuva uye mumaindasitiri. Ingave iri pamusoro pePTFE isinganamatire yekuunganidza guruva rinorema kana membrane ye ePTFE yakawedzerwa yekusefa zvidimbu zvidiki-diki, zvinhu izvi zvinopa mhinduro yakavimbika uye inogara kwenguva refu yekuchengetedza mhepo isina guruva nezvinhu zvinosvibisa. Kune avo vari kutsvaga sefa inoenzanisa kushanda zvakanaka, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari, PTFE ne ePTFE zviri pakati pesarudzo dzakanakisa dziripo.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-14-2025